Notre Dame burning | Flickr: boitchy PDM 1.0The fire of the cathedral
The fire broke out around 6:50 p.m. and spread rapidly over the wooden roof structure. It brought down the spire and melted the lead roof. The exact cause of the fire has not been clarified to this day. Investigators assume that the fire may have been triggered by a short circuit or a glowing cigarette. However, arson was ruled out. The fire destroyed the entire roof of the cathedral and the historic wooden structures. Thanks to the rapid intervention of 650 firefighters and church staff, some of the most valuable relics and artworks could be saved.
Notre Dame Reconstruction | Unsplash: Michael TuckerWorldwide reactions and solidarity
The fire made headlines around the world. Within just a few hours, numerous institutions, celebrities, and private individuals began donating millions of euros for the reconstruction. In total, over 340,000 donations were received. Among the largest donors were French corporations and wealthy individuals, who together raised several hundred million euros.What did not need to be restored
Fortunately, the damages inside the cathedral, including many sculptures, altars, and paintings, were minimal. The great organ also survived the fire but was sent to southern France for restoration and cleaning regardless. The famous, colorful stained glass windows and rose windows from the 13th century survived the fire despite the intense heat and smoke. Many important religious relics, including the Crown of Thorns, a fragment of the Cross of Jesus, and relics of Saint Denis were safely retrieved from the cathedral by firefighters and church staff in time. Although two-thirds of the roof was destroyed, the iconic north and south towers of the cathedral remained stable.The restoration
The work proved to be extremely complex, as architects and craftsmen had to use traditional building methods and materials to preserve the historic structure. Additionally, the restoration works had to be carried out under high safety measures to stabilize the remaining structure and remove lead residues released during the burning of the old roofing material. Hundreds of old trees from French forests were carpentered in medieval tradition to reconstruct the roof. Experts from around the world were consulted for the elaborate reconstruction. This includes stonemasons from Germany, who are experts in the restoration of Gothic cathedrals and restored windows.Olympic bell for Notre Dame
At the reopening, the cathedral will have three new bells, including one that was rung by the athletics champions during the Olympic Games in Paris in the summer of 2024 at Stade de France. It bears the inscription 'Paris 2024'. The three new bells replace three previous ones that used to hang near the spire that collapsed in the fire.Motivations for the reconstruction
Notre Dame is a central symbol of French culture and history. Since the Middle Ages, it has stood in the heart of Paris and is considered a national landmark and significant cultural heritage. The reconstruction was seen by many as a symbolic act to demonstrate France's resilience and to prevent the loss of this important cultural site. Additionally, the cathedral is a place of deep religious significance and a pilgrimage site for Christians worldwide. As one of the world's most visited monuments, Notre Dame attracts millions of visitors annually, bringing revenue and jobs to Paris. The loss of the cathedral would have been a major blow to France's cultural heritage.Critical voices and counterarguments
The reconstruction cost several hundred million euros, leading to criticism. Some argued that these funds could be better spent on social or environmental projects. Some critics also pointed out that reconstructing with traditional methods was not particularly sustainable and called for a more environmentally friendly process. There were also discussions about whether the cathedral's reconstruction should be in the original style or include modern elements. Many conservationists and citizens, contrary to Macron’s idea of introducing a contemporary architectural touch to the design, demanded that the cathedral be restored to its original state. In this debate among politicians and architects, the Unesco also reminded us that the cathedral is on the list of World Heritage Sites.