The long genesis
The construction of the cathedral began in 1386 on the site of a former Roman temple and would stretch over several centuries. Although the cathedral's main altar was consecrated in 1418 by Pope Martin V., the towers were far from finished. Even when Bishop Karl Borromäus consecrated the entire building in 1572, parts of the facade were still missing.78 Architects
As Archbishop Antonio da Saluzzo began the construction of the Milan Cathedral with the support of Lord Gian Galeazzo Visconti, he invited 78 architects and numerous court architects to participate in the building of the cathedral. This included Leonardo da Vinci, who, however, withdrew his design. Instead, the impressive work was undertaken by Amadeo and Dolce Buono. Due to a lack of financial resources and lack of funding from political channels, the cathedral today has a medieval nave in the shape of a cross, but it also exhibits many stylistic inconsistencies, indicating influences of Gothic Revival and early Baroque. Opting for the internationally acclaimed Gothic style was unusual at the time in the Italian Church State but reflected the project leaders' ambition to look beyond national borders.
The towers of the cathedral dominate the Piazza del Duomo | Photo: Unsplash, Alexander LiuThe completion of the cathedral
When Napoleon was crowned King of Italy in 1805, he ordered the continuation of the construction work on Milan Cathedral. He claimed that the French would reimburse the costs of the project, but this never happened. The main part of the cathedral was completed in 1813, and Napoleon was depicted on one of the spires with his image. However, the construction work on the cathedral was far from over. Several statues on the south side of the cathedral and the expressive stained glass windows, which still impress visitors today, followed. The last gate was not completed until 1965, almost 600 years after the start of construction in 1386. This was partly due to the Second World War, during which the cathedral was severely damaged. In 1986, the cathedral's organ was also restored, the largest instrument of its kind in Italy, with over 15,000 pipes.
The Madonnina of the Milan Cathedral | Photo: Unsplash, Ayadi GhaithThe golden symbol of Milan
On one of the towers rises the golden Madonnina. It is considered as 'the symbol' of the city. In the revolutionary year 1848, the Italian flag was hoisted on it, which is said to have led to victory against the Austrian troops. Whoever looks up to the Cathedral from the 17th to the 22nd of March in Milan can see the 'Tricolore' (the flag of Italy) in the grasp of the golden Madonnina. This tradition is repeated several times a year.Numbers and Facts
About 100,000 people visit the Cathedral of Milan each week. With a total area of about 12,000m² (129,167 sqft), a facade width of (201.78 ft), and a height of 56m (183.7 ft), it can accommodate up to 40,000 people. It is the fifth largest cathedral worldwide and even the oldest among them. There are 135 towers, each crowned with a biblical figure. Thus, the cathedral set a new standard and has the most pinnacles. Pinnacles are slender, pointed towers carved out of stone. The American writer Mark Twain, who visited the Cathedral in Milan during his many travels, was so fascinated by his visit to the cathedral in 1867 that he called the building a "wonder".The Restoration Process
Today, the focus of the work on the Milan Cathedral is less on completing new elements, but rather on the careful restoration of the existing ones. The organization Veneranda Fabbrica del Duomo bears the responsibility for the maintenance of this impressive building.