The Construction
The first St. Mark's Basilica was built between 829 and 832 to house the remains of St. Mark. When a fire was set in the neighboring Doge's Palace during revolts in 976, the church and 200 other houses burned down. The basilica, as it can be seen in its current form, was built between 1063 and 1094 by Doge Domenico Contarini. In the 13th century, architectural changes followed that affected the dome, the porch, and the facade. From the 14th to the 17th century, gothic elements were added.Saint Mark
According to legends, an angel predicted to St. Mark, while he was still alive, that he would be buried in Venice. When St. Mark was appointed the patron saint of Venice, Venetian merchants brought his bones from Cairo to Venice to bury him in the cathedral erected in his honor. Miraculously, the patron's remains were said to have been rediscovered on June 24, 1094, after the firebrand; this day thereafter was considered a holiday.
The magnificent mosaics at the entrance | Photo: Flickr, Carlo Raso - CC-BY-SA 2.0Valuable Materials
The unique mosaics of St. Mark's Basilica extend over an area of 8000 m² and depict stories from the Bible (Old and New Testament), allegorical figures, events from the life of Christ, the Virgin Mary, St. Mark, and other saints. Only through the interplay of columns, reliefs, goldsmithing, and sculptures does an unimaginable masterpiece emerge. Besides gold, only valuable stone materials, such as the purplish-red Pavonazzetto marble and rocks with porphyritic structure (red porphyry) from Constantinople, were used for the construction of the basilica.
The replicas of the horses of San Marco | Photo: Flickr, Alejandro - CC-BY-SA 2.0The Loggia
Until 1977, from the loggia of the basilica you could see the bronze horses of San Marco, which were brought back from Constantinople in 1204 during a crusade. After restoration, they were replaced by copies, the originals are now located in the Museum of San Marco. From the loggia, you also get a good view of St. Mark's Square.
The golden altarpiece, the Pala d'Oro | Photo: Flickr, Gary Bembridge - CC-BY-SA 2.0The Pala d'Oro
The 3.45m (11.32 ft) and long and 1.4m (4.59ft) high gold altar is the most famous and valuable treasure of St. Mark's Cathedral, made by goldsmiths from Venice and Constantinople between 1102 and 1345. It is adorned with 1,300 pearls, 300 sapphires, 300 emeralds, 400 garnets, 100 amethysts as well as topazes and rubies. The artwork also depicts the life of Christ and the story of the evangelist Mark aside. For security reasons, it is now placed behind a protective glass. You can visit the altar for a small additional charge.
An exhibit | Photo: Flickr, flufzilla22 - CC-BY-SA 2.0The Treasury
In the Treasury there are countless treasures from antiquity and the Middle Ages, as well as Byzantine works, Islamic artworks and objects from the Western world. The treasury is located next to the main altar.The Museum
The Museo di San Marco, which opened in 1869, displays a variety of artworks. The most famous works include the original Quadriga (four-horse chariot) in bronze from St. Mark's Basilica. There are also intricately knotted carpets, Byzantine sculptures, illuminated manuscripts and mosaics. The museum is located on the upper floor of the basilica.