The Establishment
The origins of Dublin Castle date back to the 10th century. It was conquered by the Normans in 1170 and further expanded in the 13th century, during the reign of John Lackland, resulting in many elements corresponding to the Norman style. The fortress was built for the defence of the city of Dublin and was inevitably exposed to possible attacks due to its proximity to the sea. Through numerous renovations, the fortress gradually became a castle.Its Use
The castle once served also as a prison, treasury, court and finally as the Irish seat of the English and then British government until 1922. In 1907, the Irish Crown Jewels were stolen from the said treasury and have remained missing ever since. Also, the Irish Viceroy and his family resided in the castle. January 16, 1922 Dublin Castle passed to the Irish government after the Irish War of Independence and the birth of the Irish Free State.
The staircase to the State Apartments | Photo: Unsplash, Gabriel RamosThe fortress and its towers
At the time, the large, central courtyard was surrounded by a high defensive wall, limited by four watchtowers and a moat, which was protected by a drawbridge. Today, only the foundations of three circular towers (Corke Tower, Powder Tower and Birmingham Tower) remain; they represent both the oldest part of the complex as well as the city of Dublin. Only the Record Tower remained over time and is located on the southeast corner, from which the Dubh Linn Garden is clearly visible. This tower once served as a storage for the king's armor, as a prison, and as a state document archive.
The Chapel Royal | Photo: Unsplash, Anshul MalhotraThe Fire
Originally constructed of wood, the fortress was later rebuilt with stone. In 1884, a fire broke out, damaging the building severely, including three of the four corner towers. Only the Record Tower from 1226 remained. Renovations and extensions followed, whereby Dublin Castle was enlarged with additional rooms and the palace was adapted to the Georgian style.The State Rooms
The State Apartments were created between 1680 and 1830. Banquets and balls of the aristocrats took place in there. The Viceroy also lived in the rooms, which were also used for the organization of public events. The Saint Patrick's Hall is both the most important and the largest ceremonial hall, in which the inauguration of the President of the country has been held every seven years since 1938, as well as meetings of the European Council. The visit to the Apollo- and Throne Hall rounds off the visit to Dublin Castle. The most famous guests of the castle include John F. Kennedy, Nelson Mandela and Queen Elizabeth II.Viking Excavations
During excavations, parts of the medieval castle and the Viking defensive structures of that time were found under Dublin Castle, which have been preserved through the thick walls of the Powder Towers. Visitors have since been able to view fragments of the ring wall, the post gate, and the stairs that led down to the castle moat. To this day, the Poddle River flows under the grounds of the castle, which was previously diverted to fill the moat. Parts of the former city wall and an archway have also been preserved.Chapel Royal
The Chapel Royal, designed in the Gothic Revival style by Francis Johnston and consecrated as an Anglican chapel in 1814, captivates those who enter with its vaulting and intricate stuccowork as well as the carved oak galleries. The walls are adorned with colourful stained-glass windows that depict the coat of arms of the Irish viceroys. Since the attendance of King George IV on September 2nd 1821, the chapel has borne the mentioned name Chapel Royal. In 1943 it was converted to a Roman Catholic church, today it is no longer consecrated.