Backgrounds of the fortress
Alhambra or 'Kala al hambra' in Arabic, meaning 'Red Castle', is a masterpiece of Islamic architecture built in the 13th and 14th centuries. Located on the Sabikah Hill of Granada, it served as a city castle, merging the landscape and architecture. The robust exterior of the castle counterbalances the delicate craftsmanship inside, where water and light were essential design elements in creating a paradise. The fortress consists of three parts: the citadel (Alcazaba), the palaces of the Nasrids and the adjoining gardens (Generalife).The Alcazaba
In the west of the extensive grounds is the Alcazaba, the oldest part of the Alhambra, which was built in the 9th century. This part was primarily used for the defense of the territory, in addition, the entire Alhambra is surrounded by a wall and has several guard towers. The highest viewpoint is the watchtower Torre de la Vela and offers a view over the entire city of Granada.
In the Nasrid Palaces | Photo: Unsplash, Girl with red hatResidence of the Caliphs
The Alcazaba later also served as the residence of the Muslim rulers of the city as well as the seat of government. The northern part of the Alcazaba forms with the Nasrid palaces the most valuable section; here are also houses, craft businesses, mosques as well as public baths. Halls, courtyards, arcades, fountains and gardens form the impressive palaces. After 250 years, the Caliphs had to yield to the Catholic Kings after the reconquest.
The Sala de Embajadores | Photo: Unsplash, Diego AllenThe Nasrid Palaces
The palaces in the Alcazaba were elaborately designed with plaster, gemstones and tiles, geometric shapes, floral patterns and calligraphies decorate the walls. Among the most sumptuous buildings is the Sala de Embajadores (Throne Room), in which the throne was located and official receptions were held. Also impressive is the Patio de los Leones (Lion's Courtyard) with its delicately appearing 124 columns and the fountain in the middle of the courtyard, formed from twelve lions. The ceilings are also elaborately designed, for example, stalactites hang in the Sala de los Abencerrajes and in the Sala de los Reyes it is adorned with a painting of the first ten rulers. The best view of the entire palace is found in the Patio de la Reja.The Palacio del Partal
The Palacio del Partal was built in the early 14th century and is therefore the oldest existing palace building of the Alhambra. Originally there was a fortress tower here, which was transformed into a lookout tower and merged into an ornamental building. There is also a courtyard resembling an oasis here, in the middle of the garden there is a fountain, surrounded by towering trees.The Generalife
Crossing a bridge takes you to the Generalife, which is located on an adjacent hill to the Alhambra. This country residence enchants with the Acequia courtyard and the water features. From here you have a perfect view of the whole Alhambra.
The Palacio de Carlos V | Photo: Unsplash, Jorge Fernández SalasThe Carlos V Palace
After the Reconquista of the Iberian Peninsula by the Catholic Monarchs, in 1527 Charles V commissioned the construction of the palace, for which parts of the Nasrid palaces had to give way, but it was never completed. Today it houses the Museum of Muslim Art and the Museum of Fine Arts. The round inner courtyard contrasts with the square base of the palace, which is 63 meters long.