Edinburgh Castle | GerritR CC BY-SA 4.0Fortress on the volcano
Edinburgh Castle is a textbook example of a medieval castle. The fortress towers 80m (260 ft) above its urban surroundings on the rocky Castle Rock. Three of its four sides drop vertically into the abyss, which made Edinburgh Castle the perfect place for defense in the past. While the rock itself is an extinct volcano.
Edinburgh Castle Lights | Virtual-Pano CC BY-SA 4.0The origins
The origin of Edinburgh Castle is a bit mysterious. Archaeology and historical science have not yet been able to establish an exact period for the first castle construction. Fortresses on the extinct volcano may have existed already during the Iron Age. After that, sources indicate battles at the rock in the 7th century. Concretely, however, the existence of a castle on Castle Rock can only be confirmed for the beginning of the 11th century.History from all ages
Edinburgh Castle is not a simple castle from the Middle Ages. Rather, it is a potpourri of many different historical eras. After multiple sieges and battles, the castle has been rebuilt and expanded again and again over the centuries. The oldest building within is St Margaret's Chapel. The Great Hall was built in the 16th century, but has since been influenced by later Victorian interior decoration. The royal statues at the entrance were added in 1929.Political background
Once the seat of the Scottish monarchy, the site played an important political role, especially in the Middle Ages. For centuries it was the royal residence. The Great Hall, built at the beginning of the 16th century, made it possible to hold state events and large banquets. From the 17th century the castle lost its political importance and was mainly used as a military fortress and prison. Already since the 19th century Edinburgh Castle was opened for visitors.