One of the oldest cultural horse breeds
The revival of classical horsemanship during the Renaissance led to the establishment of imperial court riding schools that also played a key role in the training of court riding. Under Emperor Charles VI, a horse breeding facility was established near Lipica, Slovenia, in 1580, where horses from Andalusia were used.The Breeding
The breeding of the famous Lipizzaners in Piber, Styria, began only in 1920. After World War I, Austria was awarded 97 out of the 241 Lipizzaners housed in Laxenburg near Vienna and at the Kladrub Stud. With their relocation to Piber, their 'residence' was more similar again to their origin in Lipica (Slovenia) and has been their home and birthplace of the world-famous white stars ever since. The knowledge of the Spanish Riding School and the Lipizzaner Stud Piber about Lipizzaner breeding as well as the Riding School itself were included in the UNESCO intangible cultural heritage of humanity at the end of 2022.
In the Riding Stable | Photo: Flickr, Kevin O'Brien - CC-BY-SA 2.0From dark to light
Initially, the breed was still called Spanish Karst, and the name Lipizzaner appeared for the first time 200 years later. They represent a crossbreeding of Arab, Spanish, and Berber horses that are known for their grace, intelligence, and endurance. Their distinctive coat, however, is not present at birth; initially, it is dark and becomes white between the ages of 6 and 10. One in every 100 Lipizzaners remains dark, which is considered to bring luck. According to a legend of the Spanish Riding School, as long as there is at least one such lucky charm, the Riding School will continue to exist.
A look behind the scenes | Photo: Flickr, Kevin O'Brien - CC-BY-SA 2.0The Art of High School Riding
At the Spanish Riding School, one can experience the interplay between human and horse: classical dressage. It represents a harmonious connection between the rider and stallion and requires years of training and dedication. Notably, the harmony is evident in that humans and Lipizzaners constantly meet at eye level, which allows the horses to decide when they are ready to learn tricks. The horses undergo a six-year training program before they are deployed in the School Quadrille and can perform breathtaking maneuvers such as the levade, capriole, and piaffe.The Path to Becoming a Rider or Female Rider
Not only the Lipizzaner horses of the Spanish Riding School undergo extensive training, but the riders, both male and female, are also highly demanded. All candidates start with a three-year apprenticeship as a 'Pferdewirtschaftsfacharbeiter'. Thereafter, assuming they have excellent riding skills, they undergo a two to four-year training as 'Eleven'. During this period, the trainee receives riding lessons, learns how to handle and care for the Lipizzaners, as well as the history and tradition of the Spanish Riding School. With the breaking-in of a young stallion, they may then ride as 'aspiring riders' (Bereiteranwärterin/Bereiteranwärter) in the school quadrille. Each rider is personally responsible for the training of their respective horse. Only after a further six years of training do they reach the rank of rider (Bereiterrang). Of those only a few will become Chief Riders; thus, there are only two in the Spanish Riding School.The Morning Exercise
In addition to performances, guests can also watch the morning work with the horses. This unique opportunity allows the observation of the interplay between the riders and the Lipizzaner horses. Loosening exercises as well as exercises aimed at perfection and refinement are shown. The goal is to strengthen the musculature of the stallions so that their natural movements turn into masterful figures of High School. However, those who want to see the classic school jumps must visit one of the performances, as these are not part of the morning work.The Most Beautiful Riding Hall in the World
Near the Hofburg, an open riding and tournament arena was initially used, which proved to be unsuitable in bad weather. In 1681, the construction of a riding school was commissioned, but it was damaged during the subsequent Turkish sieges. It was not until 1729, under Emperor Charles VI, that a winter riding school was created, designed by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach and built as part of the Hofburg by his son. Initially, it was referred to as the 'imperial-royal city riding school', but later it acquired the name 'Spanish Riding School'. At the time, the use of the riding school was exclusively reserved for the nobility and served for the training of riding skills of the young nobility.