Athens splendor
In 448 BC, when Athens became the center of the Hellenic world, it came to power and wealth. The buildings which are still visible today represent the result of the victory over the Persians and also symbolize Athens' power over the Delian League of the city-states. The former buildings on the Acropolis were destroyed by a fire when the Persians plundered Athens in 480 BC. The newly erected temples were meant to serve as a form of propaganda that would send a message to the rest of the ancient world. These include the Parthenon, the Erechtheion, the Propylaea, and the Temple of Nike. Democracy, philosophy, theater, and the freedom of expression as well as freedom of speech were born on this hill.Temple of Nike
The Temple of Athena Nike is the first Ionic temple on the Acropolis, most of the others are built in the Doric style. It was built after military victories in honor of Athena Nike, the goddess of victory. The construction of the temple was completed in 425 BC; compared to the other temples on the Acropolis, it appears delicate and graceful. Highlights include the sculptural frieze and the balustrades with the goddesses of victory.
The Parthenon | Unsplash: Spencer DavisParthenon
The central and thus most outstanding building of the Acropolis is also the main attraction for most visitors. The Parthenon is the largest temple in Greek history, was built in the 5th century BC and is dedicated to Athena, the patron goddess of the city. Over time, the Parthenon was often damaged and misused. Initially, it was used as a church, and later as a mosque. Inside the imposing building there once was an ivory statue of the goddess Athena, which was adorned with gold. Like other statues of the goddess, it was taken to Constantinople in 465 AD and destroyed by infuriated Christians in 1203.
The Erechtheion | Unsplash: Kieran EverettErechtheion
The Erechtheion temple was built between 420 and 406 BC and is the most asymmetric structure of ancient Greece. The central building is the Naos, adorned by 6 m high columns. The highlight of this building is the Korenhalle, which is supported by six large female figures, the maidens from Karyai, the Caryatids. However, the figures are only replicas, five of the originals are in the Acropolis Museum, one in the British Museum. The temple housed important relics of the city: traces of Poseidon's trident, a salt source created by him in the conflict with Athena, and the grave of the legendary King Kekrops I. The Erechtheion temple has also been repurposed as a church, government seat, and harem.Propylaea
The Propylaea form the unfinished gate building from the 5th century BC, which served on the one hand as access to the sacred sites of the Acropolis and on the other hand as a picture gallery. In the 13th century, they were transformed into a prince's residence and command post. It is the first building in which two architectural styles, the Ionic and Doric style, were combined. The gate building with its marble columns between eight and ten meters high is the most complex and significant column structure of its kind. Today it is home to the Beulé Gate, which represents the current exit of the Acropolis.The Fortress Wall
The fortress wall, known as the Pelargikon or the Pelasgic Wall was erected for defense in the 13th century. As Athens became a democracy, the Temple Mount was further developed and lost its original function. During the time of Thucydides, the wall was said to have been several meters high, but today only a bevel is visible, as the foundation of the original wall is below the level of today's hill.
The Herodes Atticus Theater | Unsplash: Jim NiakarisHerodes Atticus Theatre
The Herodes Atticus Theatre was erected around the year 161 AD by Herodes Atticus in memory of his wife. The theater is semi-circular in shape and has a diameter of 76 m (249 ft). At that time, it could hold up to 5000 people. Today, the theater is still used as part of the Athens Festival, the Hellenic Festival.
Restorations at the Parthenon | Unsplash: sfmmyThe demolition
Since the 1980s, only essential excavations have been carried out in order to carry out a gentle restoration on the historical monument. To this end, theoretical and scientifically based design methods are used to restore the originally intended character. Also only tools and techniques are applied that resemble those of the time. In addition, as was the case back then, marble is obtained from Mount Penteli for the restorations. The restorations are financed by the Greek government and the EU.The new Acropolis Museum
Since 2009, the Acropolis Museum at the foot of the mountain can be visited. It was designed by the architect Bernard Tschumi and includes most of the recovered archaeological finds such as sculptures. Here you can still see, among other things, the original sculptures of the Caryatids from the Erechtheion, some figures from the pediment and other friezes. However, to this day, some sculptures that were brought to London by Lord Elgin in the 19th century are also in the British Museum.