The continuous reconstruction
In 360 AD, the first Hagia Sophia was built of wood, which burned down after an uprising. The church was then rebuilt from scratch in 415 AD, this time using mainly marble, but this too could not withstand a revolt. The Hagia Sophia, as it is known to us today, was completed after only six years of construction in 537 AD and was to become the largest church in the world, which it remained for almost 1000 years. Due to many earthquakes, which also caused the dome to collapse, several improvement works followed to strengthen the building.Its diverse use
Hagia Sophia was originally built as a Greek Orthodox church, later used as a Catholic cathedral. Then, as Constantinople was conquered by the Ottomans, they rededicated it to a mosque in 1453. Elements that were compatible with Islam were allowed to remain, others were simply covered with mortar or destroyed. Crosses were dismantled and the bell removed from the tower, also followed the construction of the first minarets (minaret is an elevated stand or tower for the caller to prayer at or near a mosque) and a mihrab (a mihrab is the Islamic prayer niche in mosques that indicates the direction of prayer). As early as 1453, one minaret was built on each flank of the church. Two more towers were added in the following decades, but the two oldest were demolished and replaced by new ones in 1573, meaning that the building is now surrounded by four minarets. Also, 7.5 m (25 ft) round wooden shields adorning the name of the Prophet Muhammad were installed, which are still the largest in the world.
Mosaics in the Hagia Sophia | Unsplash: Raimond KlavinsThe current change
After it was decided to turn Hagia Sophia into a museum and prohibit its use as a sacred building, it remained closed to the public between 1931 and 1935. During this time, some elements of the period were uncovered in order to shed light on the different periods of Hagia Sophia's history. Thus, Christian mosaics that were thought to be lost reappeared, also the removal of the carpet exposed the marble floor. Since 2020, Hagia Sophia is once again a mosque and open to visitors.
The dome of the Hagia Sophia | Unsplash: Raimond KlavinsThe centerpiece
The Hagia Sophia is unique not only because of its moving history - it is the result of a plan that had no models, nor was it meant to imitate. The current form was planned by the mathematicians Isidore of Miletus and Anthemios, who focused on building a huge dome with a diameter of over 30 meters. The dome was to crown the angular space: the light that enters through the windows frames the golden dome which make it seem as it is floating, reinforcing the symbolism of a sky. It was to be supported by only four columns, an undertaking not dared by anyone before! The result was a building that pushed the technical possibilities of the time to the limit and served as an inspiration for future mosques around the world.