Emergence of the palaces under influential popes
Nicholas V (1447-1455) and Alexander VI (1492-1503), were two popes who had a great influence on the creation of the Apostolic Palaces. The Nicoline Chapel, located in the heart of the Apostolic Palace, just a stone's throw from Raphael's Lodges and the rooms where Julius II's and Leo X's apartments would later be built, owes its name to Pope Nicholas V (Tommaso Parentucelli, 1447-1455), who had it built on what were once the last two floors of the tower erected to protect a pre-existing palace core under Innocent III (1198-1216). The magnificent decoration of the chapel is one of the major works of the Italian 15th century.
Pope Nicholas V, the great humanist among the popes, began construction of the current papal palace complex around 1450. When he died in 1455, only the Appartamento Borgia and the Stanzas had been completed.
Sixtus IV had the papal house chapel, the Sistine Chapel, built between 1471 and 1484. Under Innocent VIII, the Belvedere Garden House was built between 1484 and 1492. Alexander VI extended the complex with the so-called Borgia Tower, which served as a fortification.
The entire papal palace today comprises a complex of buildings with about 1,400 rooms and 180,446 ft (55.000 square meters) of floor space and has about twenty courtyards. Only a small part of this complex is reserved for the Pope and his court, the majority is open to visitors.What’s inside the Vatican Museums?
The Popes and other members of the Catholic Church have been some of the most dedicated patrons of the arts, and the Vatican Museums are home to their extensive collection. The museums are made up of several smaller galleries and rooms, some of which house paintings and sculpture, and some of which are works of art in their own right. From ancient Roman sculptures and mosaics to modern art with religious themes, the Vatican Museums display about 20,000 diverse works. Famous names to watch out for include Leonardo da Vinci, Caravaggio, Vincent Van Gogh, Salvador Dalí, and Pablo Picasso.
Visitors should also take the time to visit the Raphael Rooms, which were commissioned as a suite of apartments for Pope Julius II and feature beautiful fresco scenes in a High Renaissance style. And, of course, you should make sure not to miss the Sistine Chapel, which includes the famous ceiling and The Last Judgement by Michelangelo, in addition to frescos by Botticelli, Perugino, Pinturicchio, Ghirlandaio, and Rosselli.Vatican Gardens
The Vatican Gardens - those close to the Vatican Museums - can only be visited with an authorized guide on certain dates. With limited numbers of tickets available, the tour can be difficult to book but is highly recommended as the gardens contain a stunning series of fountains, carefully maintained plantlife from around the world, and even a reconstruction of the grotto in Lourdes. You’ll also get great views of the dome of St. Peter’s Basilica.
There are other papal gardens available to visit at Castel Gandolfo, the Pope’s summer residence. The Barberini Gardens there used to be reserved for the private use of the Pope, but Pope Francis opened them to the public in 2014.
Tickets are available for the gardens only or the gardens and the Apostolic Palace, and there’s even a VIP ticket that includes the Vatican Museums, Vatican Gardens, Barberini Gardens, and Castel Gandolfo.