Escalation after the Second World War
Shortly after the end of the Second World War, a global system conflict arose. Europe and the whole world divided between the sphere of influence of the USA on one side and the Soviet Union on the other side - this period, which lasted until 1989, is usually referred to as the Cold War. In post-war Berlin, which was occupied by the four allied powers of the World War, the situation escalated early. From 1948 to 1949, the Soviet Union attempted to bring Berlin completely into its sphere of influence and subsequently sealed off the city. The Western powers then supplied Berlin with food rations from airplanes for a year until the Soviet Union had to lift its blockade unsuccessfully. Construction of the Berlin Wall
Many people suspect that the Berlin Wall was built shortly after the end of World War II. However, it was actually built in 1961. It was built by order of the Soviet Union or the GDR and was the final escalation in the German East-West conflict, which was intended to prevent escape movements to West Germany. The wall was not just a symbol of deterrence. It was surrounded by what was known as the 'Death Strip', and watchmen were given orders to shoot escapees. Research is divided on the number of victims until the fall of the wall, but it is estimated to be several hundred.Countless escape attempts
In the nearly 40 years of the Berlin Wall, numerous escape attempts were made from East Berlin, as not only the Wall museum extensively documented. Many tried secret tunnels or cars with hidden compartments. The most spectacular escape was accomplished by the Strelzyk and Wetzel families with a self-made balloon - their story has been filmed multiple times since. Unfortunately, many did not succeed. Peter Fechter, then 18 years old, died in 1962, after he was shot by East Berlin border troops and failed to cross a barbed wire. His death led to demonstrations in West Berlin and further restrictions for Soviet troops in the city.End of the Wall and United Germany
From the late 1980s, the Cold War was coming to an end. Starting with the policies of the communist General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev, reform movements in the Soviet Union gained momentum. In 1989, even the Berlin Wall was to become history. After a news report on freedom of travel was ambiguously processed, East Berliners streamed en masse to the Wall in a November night and brought it down in a peaceful revolution. The Soviet Union officially existed until 1991, but with the fall of the Wall, the end of the Cold War was sealed. As early as 1990, Germany was united. By the way, during the Cold War, Berlin was indeed the capital of the GDR, but in West Germany it was instead the comparatively small Bonn in North Rhine-Westphalia. Only on October 3, 1990, Berlin again became the capital of a united Germany.